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Immovable property: where, why and how should it be taxed? A review of the literature and its implementation in Europe
Doris Prammer* 
Article | Year: 2020 | Pages: 483 - 504 | Volume: 44 | Issue: 4 Received: January 13, 2020 | Accepted: September 7, 2020 | Published online: December 1, 2020
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FULL ARTICLE
FIGURES & DATA
REFERENCES
CROSSMARK POLICY
METRICS
LICENCING
PDF
Source: Own representation.
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Maximum
statutory tax
rate on residential property
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Implicit
tax rate
|
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Property
transfer
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Capital
gains*
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recurrent
property tax (tax revenues/dwellings stock)
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Belgium
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12.5
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16.5
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0.690
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Germany
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6.0
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30.0
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0.130
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Estonia
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no
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income
tax rate
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no
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Ireland
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2.0
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30.0
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0.180
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Greece
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3.1
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suspended
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0.770
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Spain
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10.0
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23.0
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0.340
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France
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5.8
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36.2
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1.350
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Italy
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9.0
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20.0
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0.410
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Cyprus
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8.0
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20.0
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0.220
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Latvia
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22.0
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20.0
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0.100
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Lithuania
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no
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income
tax rate 15
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0.080
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Luxembourg
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10.5
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income tax rate
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0.070
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Malta
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5.0
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8.0
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no
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Netherlands
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2.0
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no
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0.600
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Austria
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3.5
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30.0
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0.030
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Portugal
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8.0
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29.0
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0.360
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Slovenia
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2.0
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25.0
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0.160
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Slovakia
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no
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income
tax rate
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0.160
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Finland
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4.0
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34.0
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0.290
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Source: Own representation based on National Ministries of Finance; Barrios et al.(2019) and Fatica and Prammer (2018) for implicit tax rates.
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Recurrent property tax
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Property transfer tax
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Residential property
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Non-residential property
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Residential property
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Immobile tax base
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Predictable and stable revenues
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No tax exporting
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Visible and accountable
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Fair based on benefits received
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Yes
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No
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?
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Fair based on ability to pay
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Yes
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?
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Yes
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Easy to administer
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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December, 2020
IV/2020
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