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Perceived unmet healthcare needs among older Europeans in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: the telemedicine solution
Article | Year: 2024 | Pages: 125 - 150 | Volume: 48 | Issue: 2 Received: November 23, 2023 | Accepted: March 13, 2024 | Published online: June 10, 2024
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FULL ARTICLE
FIGURES & DATA
REFERENCES
CROSSMARK POLICY
METRICS
LICENCING
PDF
 Note: Weighted data using calibrated cross-sectional individual weights. Dashed lines represent the average of the samples.Source: Authors’ calculations based on SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., SHARE Wave 9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version 0.
Note: Weighted data using calibrated cross-sectional individual weights. Source: Authors’ calculations based on SHARE Wave 9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0.
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No remote consultations
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Had remote consultations
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N
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Mean (%)
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N
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Mean (%)
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Women
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12,772
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57.3
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9,205
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61.7***
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Age (in
years)
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22,298
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71.2
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14,927
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70.6***
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Lives
alone
|
6,042
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27.1
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3,701
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24.8***
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Education level
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low
|
6,827
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30.6
|
4,849
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32.5***
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Medium
|
9,885
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44.3
|
6,709
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45.0
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High
|
5,586
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25.1
|
3,369
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22.6***
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Had
economic difficulties
|
6,851
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30.7
|
6,697
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44.9***
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Lives
in the urban area
|
14,235
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63.8
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10,252
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68.7***
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SRH
(Wave 9) Good and better
|
14,722
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66.0
|
7,891
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52.9***
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SRH before Corona
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Poor
|
866
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3.9
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948
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6.4***
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Fair
|
4,519
|
20.3
|
4,589
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30.7***
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Good
|
10,434
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46.8
|
6,773
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45.4***
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Very good
|
4,490
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20.1
|
1,979
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13.3***
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Excellent
|
1,989
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8.9
|
638
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4.3***
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Suffering from chronic illness
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11,326
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50.8
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9,367
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62.8***
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Had healthcare forgone
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3,603
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16.2
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3,064
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20.5***
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Had healthcare postponed
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6,575
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29.5
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5,705
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38.2***
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Had healthcare denied
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1,519
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6.8
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1818
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12.2***
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Affectedness by COVID-19
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|
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No
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12,170
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54.6
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7,205
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48.3***
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Mildly
|
6,850
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30.7
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5,209
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34.9***
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Severely
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3,278
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14.7
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2,513
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16.8***
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Total
SHARE sample (SCS1, SCS2 and Wave 9)
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22,298
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59.9
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14,927
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40.1***
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Note: Unweighted figures. *** p < 0.01. Source: Authors’ calculations based on combined data from SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Wave 9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version: 0.
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Country identifier
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N
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%
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Austria
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1,707
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4.59
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Germany
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1,713
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4.60
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Sweden
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786
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2.11
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Netherlands
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585
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1.57
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Spain
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910
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2.44
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Italy
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2,551
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6.85
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France
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1,483
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3.98
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Denmark
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1,273
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3.42
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Greece
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2,646
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7.11
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Switzerland
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1,415
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3.80
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Belgium
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,2820
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7.58
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Israel
|
332
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0.89
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Czech Republic
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1,661
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4.46
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Poland
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2,182
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5.86
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Luxembourg
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624
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1.68
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Hungary
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520
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1.40
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Portugal
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717
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1.93
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Slovenia
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2,464
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6.62
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Estonia
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3,081
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8.28
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Croatia
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1,433
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3.85
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Lithuania
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1,059
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2.84
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Bulgaria
|
484
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1.30
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Cyprus
|
439
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1.18
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Finland
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967
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2.60
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Latvia
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734
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1.97
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Malta
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563
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1.51
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Romania
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1,249
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3.36
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Slovakia
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827
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2.22
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Total
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37,225
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100.00
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Note: Unweighted figures. Source: Authors’ calculations based on combined data from SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Wave 9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version 0.
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Odds ratios
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Gender (ref.
Men)
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Women
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1.116***
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Age (ref.
50-64)
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65-79
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0.832***
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80+
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0.689***
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Living
arrangement (ref. Living with others)
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Living
alone
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1.217***
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Education
level (ref. Low)
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Medium
|
1.043
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High
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0.964
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Financial
situation of household (ref. No econ. difficulties)
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With
econ. difficulties
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2.029***
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Area of
residence (ref. Rural)
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Urban
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1.062*
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SRH
(Wave 9) (ref. Good and better)
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Fair or
poor
|
1.338***
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SRH before
Corona (ref. Poor)
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Fair
|
0.870**
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Good
|
0.763***
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Very
good
|
0.648***
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Excellent
|
0.543***
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Suffering
from chronic illnesses (ref. No)
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Yes
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1.376***
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Remote
healthcare use (ref. No)
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Yes
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1.230***
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Healthcare
forgone (ref. No)
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Yes
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1.466***
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Healthcare
postponed (ref. No)
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Yes
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1.217***
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Healthcare
denied (ref. No)
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Yes
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1.789***
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Affectedness
by COVID-19 (ref. No)
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Mildly
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1.140***
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Severely
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1.253***
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Note: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. How to read the results in the table? For example, women aged 50 and older in 27 European countries and Israel had nearly 1.12 times (or 12 percentage points) higher odds of reporting unmet healthcare needs after the pandemic compared to men aged 50 and older in 27 European countries and Israel, ceteris paribus. Source: Authors' calculations based on SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Wave 9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version 0.
Note: Average marginal effects for healthcare forgone 4.3 percentage points, healthcare postponed
2.1 percentage points, healthcare denied 7 percentage points and remote healthcare use
2.2 percentage points (dashed lines). Source: Authors’ calculations based on SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Wave
9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version 0.
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(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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Country
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Healthcare forgone
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Healthcare postponed
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Healthcare denied
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Remote healthcare use
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Austria
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0.0372***
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0.0180***
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0.0615***
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0.0187***
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(0.00476)
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(0.00358)
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(0.00703)
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(0.00371)
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Germany
|
0.0417***
|
0.0202***
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0.0686***
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0.0210***
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(0.00511)
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(0.00403)
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(0.00754)
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(0.00413)
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Sweden
|
0.0438***
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0.0213***
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0.0718***
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0.0221***
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(0.00587)
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(0.00439)
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(0.00870)
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(0.00434)
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Netherlands
|
0.0279***
|
0.0134***
|
0.0465***
|
0.0139***
|
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(0.00515)
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(0.00317)
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(0.00799)
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(0.00323)
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Spain
|
0.0497***
|
0.0242***
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0.0810***
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0.0252***
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(0.00633)
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(0.00476)
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(0.00880)
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(0.00458)
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Italy
|
0.0581***
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0.0285***
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0.0939***
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0.0297***
|
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(0.00645)
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(0.00542)
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(0.00887)
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(0.00523)
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France
|
0.0572***
|
0.0280***
|
0.0924***
|
0.0292***
|
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(0.00663)
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(0.00534)
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(0.00884)
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(0.00550)
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Denmark
|
0.0295***
|
0.0142***
|
0.0490***
|
0.0147***
|
|
(0.00440)
|
(0.00300)
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(0.00668)
|
(0.00302)
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|
Greece
|
0.0567***
|
0.0278***
|
0.0917***
|
0.0290***
|
|
(0.00625)
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(0.00537)
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(0.00872)
|
(0.00518)
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Switzerland
|
0.0313***
|
0.0151***
|
0.0519***
|
0.0156***
|
|
(0.00446)
|
(0.00312)
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(0.00677)
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(0.00325)
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Belgium
|
0.0450***
|
0.0219***
|
0.0737***
|
0.0228***
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(0.00519)
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(0.00415)
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(0.00739)
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(0.00427)
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Israel
|
0.0281***
|
0.0135***
|
0.0467***
|
0.0140***
|
|
(0.00558)
|
(0.00344)
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(0.00890)
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(0.00341)
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Czechia
|
0.0454***
|
0.0221***
|
0.0744***
|
0.0230***
|
|
(0.00542)
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(0.00423)
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(0.00800)
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(0.00434)
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Poland
|
0.0362***
|
0.0175***
|
0.0598***
|
0.0182***
|
|
(0.00444)
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(0.00340)
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(0.00627)
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(0.00323)
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|
Luxembourg
|
0.0308***
|
0.0148***
|
0.0511***
|
0.0154***
|
|
(0.00495)
|
(0.00325)
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(0.00774)
|
(0.00338)
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Hungary
|
0.0426***
|
0.0207***
|
0.0699***
|
0.0215***
|
|
(0.00574)
|
(0.00420)
|
(0.00838)
|
(0.00411)
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|
Portugal
|
0.0542***
|
0.0265***
|
0.0879***
|
0.0276***
|
|
(0.00667)
|
(0.00506)
|
(0.00918)
|
(0.00517)
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|
Slovenia
|
0.0324***
|
0.0156***
|
0.0537***
|
0.0162***
|
|
(0.00411)
|
(0.00302)
|
(0.00595)
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(0.00295)
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Estonia
|
0.0508***
|
0.0248***
|
0.0827***
|
0.0258***
|
|
(0.00583)
|
(0.00477)
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(0.00795)
|
(0.00460)
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Croatia
|
0.0238***
|
0.0114***
|
0.0397***
|
0.0118***
|
|
(0.00332)
|
(0.00236)
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(0.00504)
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(0.00224)
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Lithuania
|
0.0436***
|
0.0212***
|
0.0716***
|
0.0220***
|
|
(0.00537)
|
(0.00419)
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(0.00756)
|
(0.00396)
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Bulgaria
|
0.0363***
|
0.0175***
|
0.0600***
|
0.0182***
|
|
(0.00538)
|
(0.00385)
|
(0.00811)
|
(0.00367)
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|
Cyprus
|
0.0153***
|
0.00731***
|
0.0257***
|
0.00757***
|
|
(0.00375)
|
(0.00213)
|
(0.00612)
|
(0.00212)
|
|
Finland
|
0.0562***
|
0.0275***
|
0.0910***
|
0.0287***
|
|
(0.00679)
|
(0.00540)
|
(0.00932)
|
(0.00536)
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|
Latvia
|
0.0389***
|
0.0189***
|
0.0642***
|
0.0196***
|
|
(0.00517)
|
(0.00391)
|
(0.00755)
|
(0.00364)
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Malta
|
0.0181***
|
0.00867***
|
0.0304***
|
0.00898***
|
|
(0.00394)
|
(0.00228)
|
(0.00640)
|
(0.00239)
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Romania
|
0.0468***
|
0.0228***
|
0.0765***
|
0.0237***
|
|
(0.00578)
|
(0.00455)
|
(0.00810)
|
(0.00450)
|
|
Slovakia
|
0.0430***
|
0.0209***
|
0.0705***
|
0.0217***
|
|
(0.00551)
|
(0.00417)
|
(0.00813)
|
(0.00402)
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Observations
|
37,225
|
37,225
|
37,225
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37,225
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Source: Authors’ calculations based on SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Wave
9 COVID-19 Survey release 8.0.0., Preliminary Wave 9 Release version 0.
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June, 2024
II/2024
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